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The British Psychoanalytical Society was founded in 1919 by Ernest Jones as a successor to the London Psychoanalytical Society, which was founded in 1913 (also by Jones) but later disbanded. The Institute of Psychoanalysis was established as the administrative arm of the Society in 1924. The BPAS was formally admitted to the International Psychoanalytical Association in 1920, when Jones was also elected president of the IPA.

Otto Fenichel was born in Vienna in 1897. He chose to study medicine with the aim of eventually working in psychoanalysis. In his teens he had already read some of Freud’s work and began presenting his ideas on sexuality and sexual ethics to fellow students. In 1918 he was invited as guest speaker to the Viennese Psychoanalytic Society, where he gave a paper 'On a Derivative of the Incest Conflict'. He moved to Berlin in 1922 to complete his training at the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute. He also furthered his psychiatric and neurological knowledge by working with Bonhoffer and Cassierer. Two years later he joined the Institute’s teaching staff and began to publish numerous psychoanalytical papers. He left Germany in 1933 when the National Socialist Party came to power. He was invited by Norwegian psychoanalysts to work in Oslo, where he remained teaching for two years. In 1936 he moved to Prague and took over the chairmanship of the Prague Study Group. Finally with Czechoslovakia threatened by invasion he fled to Los Angeles where he was welcomed by the Psychoanalytic Study Group. He died suddenly in 1946, survived by his wife Hanna Fenichel (née Heilborn).

Marjorie Franklin was born on 17 Dec 1887. She trained as a psychiatrist but became interested in psychoanalysis in the mid 1920s and travelled to Vienna where she was analysed by Sandor Ferenczi. On returning to London she established the Institute for the Scientific Study and Treatment of Delinquency (later the Portman Clinic) with fellow psychiatrists and psychoanalysts Edward Glover, Grace Pailthorpe and Melitta Schmideberg. In the 1930s she set up Q Camps for maladjusted men and boys and was Honorary Secretary of the Q Camps Committee. Her interest in anti-social behaviour led to her long-term involvement with the Howard League for Penal Reform. She was also a Fellow of the British Psychological Society and founder of the Planned Environment Therapy Trust. She died in 1975.

William Gillespie was born in China in 1905, the fourth child and only son of missionary parents. The family returned to Britain in 1915 to further their children's education and settled in Edinburgh. By obtaining scholarships, Gillespie graduated in medicine at the University of Edinburgh in 1929. After short periods as a house physician, he obtained a travelling scholarship to study in Vienna, officially to study psychiatry and neurology but keen to pursue his interest in psychoanalysis, including through an analysis with Edward Hitschmann.

Gillespie returned to London in Dec 1931 and began work with elderly patients at Tooting Bec Hospital. He submitted a psychoanalytically-based thesis on senile dementia for his MD degree and was accepted for training at the British Psychoanalytical Society, entering into analysis with Ella Sharpe. During lectures by John Rickman, he met his first wife, Dr Helen Turover; they married in 1932 and had two children shortly afterwards. In 1937 William became an Associate Member of the British Psychoanalytical Society and passed the examination for the Royal College of Physicians. In the mid-1930s, he also started part-time work at the Maudsley Hospital, with which he was involved until his mandatory retirement at the age of 65. During the Second World War, he worked full-time in the Emergency Service of the Maudsley affiliate at Mill Hill.

In the same period, Gillespie participated in in the Controversial Discussions at the British Psychoanalytical Society. He worked with like-minded colleagues to formalise the running of the Society with a new constitution, which included tenure limits for officers. Sylvia Payne was then elected president of the Society in 1944 and Gillespie became director of the London Clinic of Psychoanalysis. By 1947 he had been elected training secretary and became president of the Society in 1950 - at the age of 45, he was by far the youngest to have been appointed to that position - and he has been credited with helping to develop stability within the Society. He also served on special committees of the Society to testify before the Royal Commission on Capital Punishment (1950) and the Parliamentary Committee on Homosexuality (1954/5), both of which contributed to significant changes in national policy.

From 1953, Gillespie was invited to stand for a vice-presidency of the International Psychoanalytical Association and embarked on twenty consecutive years serving on its central executive. He was elected in 1957 as the eighth president of the IPA and served two terms; in 1961, he was elected again as a vice-president and held this post until 1973 when he declined to run again. Here too, he was recognized as an able administrator and contributed to negotiating a rewritten constitution and by-laws for the Association.

In 1975, on his seventieth birthday, Gillespie was elected to honorary membership of the British Psychoanalytical Society. This was shortly after the death of his wife Helen and a year later he married Sadie Mervis, an analytic colleague. In 1976, he became the second Freud Memorial Professor of Psychoanalysis at University College London, where he gave a series of public lectures on Freud's work and its relationship to other disciplines. In 1991, he was elected by the IPA to a lifetime honorary vice-presidency. He died on 17 July 2001, aged 95.

Marjorie Brierley was born in 1893. She qualified as an associate member of the British Psychoanalytical Society in 1927 and as a member in 1930. She practised psychoanalysis for around 20 years and during much of this time she played an active role in the affairs of the Society. She served on many committees and made a significant contribution to the Controversial Discussions held within the society during the 1940s, as well as being a training analyst, a control analyst and lecturer. Around 1950, she moved with her husband to live in the Lake District, after which she largely withdrew from the Society. She died on 21 Apr 1984.

Herbert Alexander Rosenfeld was born in Nürnberg, Germany, on 2 Jul 1910. He qualified as a doctor in Munich in 1934 but, as a Jew, he was not allowed to practice in Germany and he emigrated to England in 1935. He re-qualified as a doctor in the UK and intended to practice general medicine but with limited opportunities available to foreign doctors, he applied to become a psychotherapist at the Tavistock Clinic. Later, he also worked at the Maudsley Hospital.

In 1942, he was accepted as a candidate at the Institute of Psychoanalysis and began a training analysis with Melanie Klein. He qualified in 1945 and soon became a training analyst. He worked mainly in private practice but also taught at the Institute of Psychoanalysis for more than 30 years.

His main interest was in the treatment of psychotics and his work was heavily influenced by that of Melanie Klein. Following on from Klein's famous paper, 'Note on some schizoid mechanisms' (1946), Rosenfeld published a case history called, 'Analysis of a schizophrenic state with depersonalisation' (1947). This made history as the first detailed account of a psychotic patient successfully treated by psychoanalysis alone. Although his work caused controversy among psychiatrists and non-Kleinian psychoanalysts, Rosenfeld developed a lasting international reputation. He was several times invited to North and South America, and gave lectures and seminars all over Europe.

In 1965, Rosenfeld published a collection of papers in a book called 'Psychotic States', which was translated into several languages. His further contributions to psychoanalysis focused mainly on problems of technique, psychosomatic conditions and borderline cases in general, and research into the destructive aspects of narcissism. At the time of his death on 29 Nov 1986, he was still working and teaching, as well as preparing to publish a further collection of papers on these topics. This book, 'Impasse and Interpretations into the Psychoanalytic Process', was published posthumously.

Wolfgang Loch was born in Berlin on 10 May 1915 and died in Rottweil in on 7 Feb 1995. Even during his lifetime, he acquired the reputation of being the most prominent German-language psychoanalytic theorist of the second half of the twentieth century, particularly with regards to object-relations theory.

Amongst his professional activities, he established a chair of psychoanalysis at the University of Tübingen and he was a founding member and the first president of the Stuttgart-Tübingen Psychoanalytic Study Group. Michael Balint was first his mentor and then his friend, and Loch made substantial contributions to the development of the Balint Group method. For over two decades, he co-edited the 'Jahrbuch der Psychoanalyse'. He was president of the German Psychoanalytical Association (DPV) from 1972 to 1975 and became a member emeritus of the DPV in 1990.

Mervin Glasser was born in 1928 in Johannesburg, South Africa. He read psychology at the University of Witwatersrand. He then went to England to pursue a career as a psychoanalyst. He graduated from Westminster Hospital Medical School in 1958 and qualified as an Associate Member at the London Institute of Psychoanalysis in 1963.

He was Chairman of the Portman Clinic, London from 1971 until 1994. The Clinic is a National Health Service psychotherapy clinic for people with criminal and sexual behaviour problems. In this position he forged links with the Institute of Psychiatry's forensic department, the Tavistock Clinic and the Home Office; with academia, particularly the London School of Economics; with London hospitals, the police, the prison service and the Inner London Probation Service.

He is well known for his writing and teaching on the origins of delinquency and perversion He lectured internationally and in many hospitals and centres in Britain, including regular lecures at the Anna Freud Centre in London. He was also a training analyst at the Institute of Psychoanalysis and became Director of the Clinic upon his retirement from the Portman.

Following the release of Nelson Mandela from jail, he became the first chairman of the South African Psychoanalytic Trust; and he contributed a vivid paper to its first international psychoanalytic conference in Cape Town in 1998.

Mervin Glasser died in 2000.