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Clifford Scott was born in a small Ontario town on 11 Mar 1903. He studied medicine at the University of Toronto where he also gained some experience in psychiatry. He continued his psychiatric training in New York and later in Baltimore at Johns Hopkins Hospital. In 1931, he was accepted by the British Psychoanalytical Society for training and assigned to Melanie Klein for analysis.

On qualification he began psychoanalytic work with psychiatric patients in the Maudsley Hospital and later at the Cassel Hospital. His published works from that time were concerned with analytic approaches to manic depressive disorders, schizophrenia and the body image. He left the hospital posts to practise and teach in London just before the Second World War.

He played an active role in the British Psychoanalytical Society, involved in the Training Committee and the 'International Journal of Psychoanalysis', and he was director of the Institute Clinic from 1947 to 1953. He was president of the Society in 1953, but cut short his presidency when he accepted an invitation to return to Canada where he turned his attention to the formation of the Canadian Psychoanalytical Society, of which he became the first president, and to the development of a training organisation for psychoanalysts in Canada. He died on 19 Jan 1997.

Erich Simenauer was a member of the International Psychoanalytical Association, an honorary guest of the British Psychoanalytical Society and a member of the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute. He published numerous papers on the theory and practice of psychoanalysis and on literature, art and ethnology.

Catherine Elizabeth 'Karin' Stephen was born in 1890. She was a fellow of Newnham College, Cambridge and married Adrian Stephen (brother of Virginia Woolf and Vanessa Bell) just before the First World War; as conscientious objectors, they spent the war working on a dairy farm. After the war, they both became interested in training as psychoanalysts. In order to qualify, they trained as doctors and went into analysis with James Glover until his untimely death in 1926, when Karin went to Sylvia Payne and Adrian to Ella Sharpe. They were accepted as associate members of the British Psychoanalytical Society in 1927; Adrian became a full member in 1930 and Karin in 1931.

Karin entered private practice as a psychoanalyst. She gave the first course of lectures on psychoanalysis ever given at Cambridge University; these were highly successful and formed the basis of a book for medical students. She was active on the Public Lectures Committee of the British Psychoanalytical Society but was sometimes critical of the society and contributed to the Extraordinary Business Meetings held during the Controversial Discussions.

During the Second World War, her husband, angered by anti-semitism, abandoned his pacifist stance and joined the Royal Army Medical Corps as an army psychiatrist. Karin became a driver in the Queen’s Messenger Flying Squad Food Convoy. Karin Stephen suffered from increasingly severe deafness and from manic-depression; following the death of Adrian Stephen in 1948, her health deteriorated and she committed suicide in 1953.

James Strachey was born in London on 26 Sep 1887. Born into an illustrious intellectual family, he was the thirteenth, and last, child of Sir Richard and Henrietta Strachey. After education at home and at Hillbarrow and St Paul's schools, he followed his elder brother, Lytton, to Cambridge in 1905, where he studied classics at Trinity College. Here he came into contact with many of the key figures who would later form the highly influential Bloomsbury Group; he also became involved in the Society of Psychical Research and through this became interested in psychoanalysis.

Alix Sargant-Florence was born in New Jersey on 4 Jun 1892, the daughter of British artist Mary Sargant-Florence and American musician Henry Smythe Florence. She grew up in an artistic atmosphere and studied for a year at the Slade School of Fine Art. In 1911 she entered Newnham College, Cambridge, to study modern languages, where she became acquainted with Freud's work. She had met James Strachey the previous year but they consolidated their relationship at weekly meetings of the Bloomsbury Group.

James and Alix married in 1920 and, in the same year, James wrote to Ernest Jones expressing his desire to become a psychoanalyst. They moved to Vienna at Jones' recommendation, where James, and later Alix, were analysed by Freud. During their analyses the Stracheys began, at Freud’s request, to translate some of his works into English. This was to be the start of their life-long collaboration to make the works of Freud accessible to the English-speaking world.

On their return to London in 1922, they both became associate members of the British Psychoanalytical Society, becoming full members in 1923. During the 1920s and 1930s, James started his own psychoanalytic practice and, having been trained by James Glover, was himself later the training analyst of D W Winnicott. Alix was further analysed by Karl Abraham, Edward Glover and Sylvia Payne. During this period, Alix and James worked on translations that would eventually be published under the title of Sigmund Freud's Collected Papers and, together and individually, Alix and James translated much of Freud's work.

After Freud's death in 1939 James began work on his most famous endeavour, 'The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud', working in collaboration with Anna Freud and assisted by Alix Strachey and Alan Tyson. Between 1953 and 1966, twenty-three volumes were published. James Strachey died on 25 Apr 1967, during the production of the twenty-fourth and final volume, which contained indexes and bibliographies and which was compiled by Angela Harris (née Richards) and Alix Strachey. This volume was finally published in 1974, shortly after Alix Strachey’s death on 28 Apr 1973. 'The Standard Edition' has since become the standard Freudian reference text for psychoanalysts.

Edoardo Weiss was born in Trieste, Italy in 1889. He studied medicine at the University of Vienna, graduating in 1914. In Vienna, he met Freud who suggested an analysis with Paul Federn. During the First World War, Weiss served as a physician in the Austrian Army. Weiss became the first psychoanalyst to practise in Italy after the First World War. In 1931 he established a group in Rome, which would later become the Italian Psychoanalytic Society. In 1939 he fled fascism, arriving to work at the Menninger Clinic in Topeka, USA. Two years later he joined the Chicago Institute for Psychoanalysis. He worked on psychosomatic medicine and remained a follower of Paul Federn. He died on 14 Dec 1970.

Heinrich Winnik trained as a psychoanalyst in Vienna but left Europe for Palestine to escape Nazi persecution. He later became noted in Israel for his research work on the Holocaust.

Donald Woods Winnicott was born in Plymouth in 1896. He entered the University of Cambridge in 1914, where he studied biology and later medicine, and then completed his medical studies at St Bartholomew's Hospital. In 1923, he married his first wife, Alice Taylor, and in the same year became a physician at the Paddington Green Children's Hospital in London. Around this time, he also entered analysis with James Strachey; this analysis was to last until 1933, after which Winnicott began an analysis with Joan Riviere. In 1927, he was accepted for training by the British Psychoanalytical Society, qualifying as an adult analyst in 1934 and as a child analyst in 1935.

During the Second World War, Winnicott worked with disturbed evacuee children. His experience as a psychiatric consultant to the Government Evacuation Scheme provided an impetus towards new thinking about the significance of the mother's role. During the war years, he collaborated with Clare Britton, a psychiatric social worker, and they married in 1951.

After the war, Winnicott was physician in charge of the Child Department of the Institute of Psychoanalysis for 25 years and served two terms as president of the British Psychoanalytical Society. He was also a member of UNESCO and WHO study groups and lectured widely and wrote as well as having a private practice. He continued to work at the Paddington Green Children's Hospital into the 1960s and was still working and teaching when he died in 1971.

Born in Berlin; died in London.