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Esther Bick was born in Poland and moved to Switzerland where she studied briefly with the psychologist Eugen Bleuler. She later moved to the United Kingdom and was elected a member of the British Psychoanalytical Society in 1953.

Ernest Jones was born in Gowerton in Wales on 1 Jan 1879. He began his degree in medicine at the University of Cardiff but completed it at University College London in 1900.

Jones discovered the work of Sigmund Freud in 1906 and soon began to practice psychoanalysis. He first met Freud at the first International Psychoanalytical Congress held in Salzburg in 1908. In the same year, Jones emigrated to become Associate Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Toronto and whilst in North America, he organised the inaugural meeting of the American Psychoanalytical Association in 1911.

After a brief analysis with Ferenczi, Jones returned to London in 1913 and set about forming the London Psychoanalytical Society, only four of whose original fifteen members were psychoanalysts. The Society was dissolved after the end of the First World War.

In 1919, Jones managed to re-establish contact with the psychoanalytic community in Europe and founded the British Psychoanalytic Society, of which he remained president until 1944. He was twice president of the International Psychoanalytical Association (1920-1924 and 1932-1939) and took charge of the resettlement of analysts fleeing Nazi persecution.

In 1947, he began writing his three-volume biography of Freud, which he completed in 1957. He died on 11 Feb 1958. He married twice, first to the Welsh singer and musician Morfydd Llwynn Owen in 1917 (she died in 1918) and in 1919 to Katherine Jökl, an Austrian.

Thomas Forrest Main was born on 25 February 1911 in Johannesburg, his father, a mine manager, having emigrated there from England. At the outbreak of the First World War in 1914 his mother returned to Tyneside with Main and his two sisters, while his father stayed and joined the South African army. Main won a scholarship to the Royal Grammar School, Newcastle-upon-Tyne in 1922, where he was regarded as an excellent scholar with particular interests in poetry and classical music and was also an outstanding rugby player. At the age of 16 he won a scholarship to the Medical College of the University of Durham, graduating with Honours in 1933 and obtaining his doctorate in 1938. While at medical school, Main met his future wife, Agnes Mary (Molly) McHaffie, and they married on 27 February 1937. Main had read 'The Interpretation of Dreams' when he was still at school and he was greatly influenced by James Spence, paediatrician at Newcastle medical school. This decided him to specialise in psychiatry and having gained a Diploma in Psychological Medicine from Dublin in 1936, he obtained a post as consultant psychiatrist at Gateshead Mental Hospital in Northumberland.

During the Second World War, Main became convinced about psychoanalysis and he had a year's analysis with Susan Isaacs. His interests in the Army were in the areas of officer selection, the handling of delinquents and misfits and the maintenance of morale. He advised on morale in the North African campaign but, after a contretemps with Field Marshal Montgomery in which he was accused of attributing cowardice to Monty’s men, he returned to become psychiatric adviser to the 21st Army Group, planning for psychiatric services for the Normandy invasion. He studied the morale of paratroopers by training with them, making several jumps and visiting the front line in France in order to experience battle conditions at first hand. A Lieutenant-Colonel by the end of the war, Main went to work at the Northfield Army Hospital for the treatment of war neuroses, where the idea of the therapeutic community was born. While there he was head-hunted for the Cassel Hospital for Functional Nervous Disorders and became Medical Director there in 1946. He worked there for some 30 years where he conceived the term ‘therapeutic community' and developed the idea, involving the whole community in consultation.

Training as a psychoanalyst under Dr Michael Balint, he was supervised by Anna Freud, Melanie Klein and Paula Heimann. Tom Main was also the architect of the Institute of Psychosexual Medicine, of which he was made Life President. He also became vice-president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, co-editor of the British Journal of Medical Psychology and had many other honours including various fellowships and travelling professorships. His eldest daughter, the psychoanalyst Dr Jennifer Johns, persuaded him to publish the most important of his papers in his book 'The Ailment and other Psycho-Analytical Essays', which was published shortly before Main died in Barnes, London on 29 May 1990, aged 79.

Susan Isaacs was born on 24 May 1885. She trained as a teacher and gained a degree in philosophy from Manchester University in 1912. Following a period as a research student at the Psychological Laboratory, Cambridge, she was Lecturer at Darlington Training College from 1913 to 1914 and then Lecturer in Logic at Manchester University from 1914 to 1915. After analysis with J C Flugel in 1920-1921, she travelled to Vienna for analysis with Otto Rank in 1921. Between 1924 and 1927, she was Head of Malting House School, Cambridge, an experimental school that fostered the individual development of children, where she carried out her pioneering research in child development. She went on to become the head of the newly established Department of Child Development in the Institute of Education in London University.

Isaacs became an Associate Member of the British Psychoanalytical Society in 1921 and a Member in 1923. In 1928 she entered analysis with Joan Riviere. She qualified as a Child Analyst in 1935. She joined the staff of the London Clinic of Psychoanalysis in 1931 and the Training Committee of the BPAS in 1944-45, playing an important role in the Society's Controversial Discussions.

She married twice, firstly to William Broadhurst Brierley and secondly to Nathan Isaacs in 1922. She died on 12 Oct 1948.

John Klauber was born in Hampstead, London, on 1 Jan 1917 of a distinguished Hungarian Jewish family. He was educated at St. Paul’s School, London, and Christ Church College, Oxford, where he studied history, graduating in 1939. During the Second World War, Klauber served as a captain in the British Army Intelligence Corps in North Africa and the Middle-East.

After becoming interested in Jung while at St Paul’s, and later reading Freud at Oxford and while on military service, Klauber wrote to Ernest Jones whilst still in the army, expressing his wish to become a psychoanalyst. Jones met him and encouraged him to train. He commenced his psychoanalytic training in 1948, initially being analysed by Dr Kate Friedlander and, following her death, by Mrs Eva Rosenfeld. In parallel, Klauber also trained in medicine at Middlesex Hospital, qualifying as a doctor in 1951. He gained one year's experience in psychiatry at Bethlem Royal Hospital under J B S Lewis.

Starting work as a psychoanalyst in 1953, Klauber became an Associate Member of the British Psychoanalytical Society that same year and gained full membership of the Society in 1959. He was also a member of the British Psychological Society and a Foundation Fellow of the Royal College of Psychiatrists. He was recognized as an Independent in terms of his psychoanalytic theory and practice and held the chairmanship of the Scientific Committee of the BPAS from 1971 to 1976. At the time of his death he had been President of the BPAS for a year and was also Freud Memorial Visiting Professor Elect at University College, London. He died on 11 Aug 1981 at the age of 64.

Clifford Scott was born in a small Ontario town on 11 Mar 1903. He studied medicine at the University of Toronto where he also gained some experience in psychiatry. He continued his psychiatric training in New York and later in Baltimore at Johns Hopkins Hospital. In 1931, he was accepted by the British Psychoanalytical Society for training and assigned to Melanie Klein for analysis.

On qualification he began psychoanalytic work with psychiatric patients in the Maudsley Hospital and later at the Cassel Hospital. His published works from that time were concerned with analytic approaches to manic depressive disorders, schizophrenia and the body image. He left the hospital posts to practise and teach in London just before the Second World War.

He played an active role in the British Psychoanalytical Society, involved in the Training Committee and the 'International Journal of Psychoanalysis', and he was director of the Institute Clinic from 1947 to 1953. He was president of the Society in 1953, but cut short his presidency when he accepted an invitation to return to Canada where he turned his attention to the formation of the Canadian Psychoanalytical Society, of which he became the first president, and to the development of a training organisation for psychoanalysts in Canada. He died on 19 Jan 1997.

Alexis Brook was born in 1920 in London. His parents were Russians who had emigrated for political reasons. He was educated at St Paul's School and decided to become a doctor. He went first to Cambridge and then underwent his clinical training at the Middlesex Hospital. He qualified in 1943.

Work with the Royal Army Medical Corps during World War II led him to choose psychiatry as a career. He noted that illness rates were lower if morale amongst troops was high. Thereafter, the recurring theme of his career was the relationship between mental and physical health.

He trained as a psychiatrist at the Maudsley Hospital and at the Napsbury Hospital near St. Albans. He then became Consultant Psychiatrist at the Cassell Hospital and this led him to specialise in psychoanalytic psychotherapy. He ran seminars for GPs and sat in on GPs surgeries each week. This work demonstrated the contribution that psychotherapy might make to other medical and health professionals' areas of work.

In 1971 he became a Consultant at the Tavistock Clinic. He was later Chair of the professional committee, establishing the Tavistock Foundation to raise extra funds for training and research projects, and setting up the annual public lecture series. During his time at the Tavistock he developed ideas in the area of occupational health, working to identify the factors that contributed to high levels of stress in the individual.

In 1985 he retired from NHS work and became a consultant psychotherapist at St Mark’s Hospital, Harrow, showing the contribution a psychotherapist could make to disorders of the gut.

From 1992 Brook worked in the field of psychosomatic opthalmology. He determined that psychotherapeutic intervention could make a significant difference to the treatment of certain eye disorders. This research led to the development of the Mind's Eye Clinic and the Eye and the Mind Society.

Alexis Brook died in 2007 at the age of 87.