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No information is known about the Schwarz/ Harding families. Little is known about Elisabeth Schwarz, except that she emigrated to the United Kingdom and became a member of the British Psychoanalytical Society in around 1942. Lists published in the 'International Journal of Psychoanalysis' show that she lived in Oxford.

David Holbrook was a poet, writer and academic with a wide range of critical interests, including psychoanalysis.

John Bowlby, the son of a surgeon, was born on 26 Feb 1907. He read medicine at Cambridge University, where he developed an interest in developmental psychology. On completion of his degree at Cambridge, he studied clinical medicine and psychoanalysis at University College Hospital, London. He began practical work in this field by volunteering at the Maudseley Hospital and the London Child Guidance Clinic.

In 1937 he qualified with the British Psychoanalytical Society to work analytically with adults and in the same year began to train as a child analyst, becoming a member of the Society in 1939. By this time, he had already begun to develop his central idea that the basic cause of mental disorders could be traced to interactions between child and parent. This research was interrupted by the outbreak of war; he joined the Emergency Medical Service and then the Army Medical Corps, serving as a major and then a Lieutenant Colonel, although all the while engaging in the life of the British Psychoanalytical Society where he became Training Secretary of the in 1944. He served in the army until the end of hostilities in 1945.

In the same year he was appointed head of the Children's Department at the Tavistock Clinic in London. Because of his emphasis on the importance of family relations he renamed it the Department for Children and Parents. Whilst undertaking a study of homeless children for the World Health Organization in 1950, Bowlby first coined the term 'maternal deprivation' and argued for the damaging effects of the absence of a mother or mother-figure. During the late 1950s and early 1960s, he wrote some of his most famous papers, including 'The Nature of the Child's Tie to this Mother' (1958) and 'Grief and Mourning in Infancy' (1960). He died of a stroke on the Isle of Skye in 1990.

Marion Burgner was born on 24 Jun 1930 into a Russian Jewish immigrant family and grew up in East London. She won scholarships to grammar school and then to the University of London. She obtained an honours degree in English from Birkbeck College and later also qualified in psychology. She had a varied career, working for various organisations including the Hampstead Clinic, the Child Guidance Training Centre and the Tavistock Clinic, and involved in clinical practice, teaching and research.

Her career as a psychoanalyst began when she commenced training at the Institute of Psychoanalysis in 1973. She qualified in 1976 and became a full member of the British Psychoanalytical Society in 1979. She was active within the Society, becoming a Training Analyst in 1984 and also serving on the Scientific Committee, the Public Lectures Committee, the Curriculum Committee, the Child and Adolescent Committee, the Book Club Committee and the Admissions Committee. Her work on the editorial board of the ' International Journal of Psychoanalysis' is reflected in the papers in this collection. She died on 1 Oct 1996.

Margaret Little was born in Bedford on 21st May 1901. She went to a Froebel Kindergarten and after to the Bedford High School for Girls. She read medicine and completed her clinical training at St Mary's Hospital in 1927. From 1928 to 1939 she acted as a general practitioner in Edgware, London. During this time she had been a clinical assistant at the Tavistock Institute for Psychotherapy (1936 to 1939) and had already started a private psychotherapy practice.

In 1936 she sought the help of an unnamed Jungian analyst. This analyst encouraged her to train at the Tavistock Insitute and introduced her to Ella Sharpe with whom she subsequently began an analysis in 1941. She was elected as an Associate Member of the British Psychoanalytical Society (BPS) in 1945 and a Full Member the following year. Following Ella Sharpe's death in 1947, she was analysed by Marion Milner and then Donald Winnicott. Margaret Little was very active in the affairs of the BPS and held various posts including Honorary Business Secretary and Training Committee Secretary . She also became a Training Analyst in 1949.

Margaret Little is particularly known for her contributions on counter-transference and from 1951 until 1967 she published a number of papers on this theme.

In the late 1960s she met and lived with journalist Reg Sizen with whom she bought a cottage in Sundridge, Kent. In 1971 following Sizen's death and that of Donald Winnicott she retired from practice in London and moved to the cottage.

Besides her work as a psychoanalyst Margaret Little was a painter and poet. An anthology of her essays and poems was published in 1981 under the title 'Transference Neurosis and Transference Psychosis. Toward Basic Unity'.

Margaret Little moved again to Dunton Green, Kent where she made a devoted friend Peter Evans who would be with her for the remaining years of her life.

Ilse Hellman grew up as the youngest of three children in a wealthy Jewish family in Vienna. Her parents, Paul and Irene Hellman, were active in encouraging the arts and promoting talented musicians.

After completing a two-year course specialising in juvenile delinquency, Ilse Hellmann went to France and worked from 1931 in a home for young offenders near Paris. At the same time, she attended evening classes in psychology at the Sorbonne. From 1933 to 1935 she remained in Paris working at a centre for children with difficult backgrounds.

On returning to Vienna in 1935, Hellmann studied psychology under Charlotte Bühler. After graduating in 1937, she followed Bühler's invitation, to join her in a study of retarded children in London. During the Second World War Ilse Hellmann worked with children evacuated from London to escape the air raids. From 1942 till the end of the war, she joined Anna Freud to work at the Hampstead War Nurseries. The further development of these "war babies", separated from their parents and living in the therapeutic community of Hampstead, continued to be an object of her research during the following decades.

In 1942 Ilse Hellman began her psychoanalytic training at the London Institute of Psychoanalysis, her training analyst was Dorothy Burlingham. She became an Associate Member of the British Psychoanalytical Society in 1945 and a full Member in 1952.

From 1955 onwards she was a training analyst and one of the leading figures in the Anna Freudian Group. After joining the staff at Anna Freud and Dorothy Burlingham's Hampstead Child Therapy Course and Clinic, she conducted simultaneous analysis of mother and child. For some years she was in charge of the department for adolescents at Hampstead and directed, together with Liselotte Frankl, a research project on adolescence.

A collected works entitled 'From War Babies to Grandmothers: Forty-Eight Years in Psychoanalysis' was published in 1990.

After the war, Ilse Herman married the Dutch art historian, Arnold Noach (?-1976), who had survived the Nazi occupation of Holland. Their daughter Margaret (Maggie) Noach (1949-2006) was a well-known literary agent.

Patrick Casement was born on 27th August 1935 in Woldingham, Surrey.

He was educated at Winchester, before going to Trinity College, Cambridge to study anthropology and theology. He graduated in 1959 and began to train as a probabtion officer. He qualified in 1963 and subsequently worked for Middlesex Probabtion Service.

Between 1966 and 1973, he worked as a family social worker in London's East End. He subsequently trained as a psychotherapist and then as a psychoanalyst. He became a full member of the British Psychoanalytical Society in 1980.

Patrick Casement is the author of four professional books, the first two of which - On Learning from the Patient (1985) and Further Learning from the Patient (1991). His third book, Learning from our Mistakes (2002) received a Gradiva award in the US for its contribution to Psychoanalysis. His last prefessional book, written after he retired, is Learning from Life (2006), which is partly autobiographical.

In 2014, Patrick Casement survived an aggressive cancer and published a lighthearted autobiography: "Growing up? A journey with laughter" (Karnac, 2015).