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Kurt Eissler was born in Vienna on 2 Jul 1908. He was a member of the Viennese Psychoanalytic Society when the Nazis took power in Austria in 1938, after which he emigrated to Chicago. In 1943 he served in the US army as a Captain in the Medical Corps and following the war he settled in New York. He was known as a Freudian scholar and historian and for his work in founding the Sigmund Freud Archives, which are deposited with the US Library of Congress. He died in New York on 17 Feb 1999.

Barbara Lantos was a member of the Hungarian Psychoanalytic Society and moved to London in 1935. She became active within the British Psychoanalytical Society, including as a supporter of Anna Freud during the Controversial Discussions.

Erich Simenauer was a member of the International Psychoanalytical Association, an honorary guest of the British Psychoanalytical Society and a member of the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute. He published numerous papers on the theory and practice of psychoanalysis and on literature, art and ethnology.

Edoardo Weiss was born in Trieste, Italy in 1889. He studied medicine at the University of Vienna, graduating in 1914. In Vienna, he met Freud who suggested an analysis with Paul Federn. During the First World War, Weiss served as a physician in the Austrian Army. Weiss became the first psychoanalyst to practise in Italy after the First World War. In 1931 he established a group in Rome, which would later become the Italian Psychoanalytic Society. In 1939 he fled fascism, arriving to work at the Menninger Clinic in Topeka, USA. Two years later he joined the Chicago Institute for Psychoanalysis. He worked on psychosomatic medicine and remained a follower of Paul Federn. He died on 14 Dec 1970.

Donald Woods Winnicott was born in Plymouth in 1896. He entered the University of Cambridge in 1914, where he studied biology and later medicine, and then completed his medical studies at St Bartholomew's Hospital. In 1923, he married his first wife, Alice Taylor, and in the same year became a physician at the Paddington Green Children's Hospital in London. Around this time, he also entered analysis with James Strachey; this analysis was to last until 1933, after which Winnicott began an analysis with Joan Riviere. In 1927, he was accepted for training by the British Psychoanalytical Society, qualifying as an adult analyst in 1934 and as a child analyst in 1935.

During the Second World War, Winnicott worked with disturbed evacuee children. His experience as a psychiatric consultant to the Government Evacuation Scheme provided an impetus towards new thinking about the significance of the mother's role. During the war years, he collaborated with Clare Britton, a psychiatric social worker, and they married in 1951.

After the war, Winnicott was physician in charge of the Child Department of the Institute of Psychoanalysis for 25 years and served two terms as president of the British Psychoanalytical Society. He was also a member of UNESCO and WHO study groups and lectured widely and wrote as well as having a private practice. He continued to work at the Paddington Green Children's Hospital into the 1960s and was still working and teaching when he died in 1971.

Nina Marion Blackett was born in London on 1 February 1900. Her father Arthur Stuart Blackett worked on the London stock exchange and her mother Caroline Maynard was an enthusiastic artist. Her brother was Nobel physicist Patrick Blackett.

She studied psychology and physiology at University College London and graduated in 1924 with a first class degree. After graduation she started work as an industrial psychologist. In 1927 she was invited by Prof. Elton Mayo to study with him in the US and observe the development of his Hawthorne experiment. After 2 years she returned to England and was occupied in industrial psychology until the birth of her son in 1932. From then until 1939 she worked for the Girls Public Day School Trust as a psychologist, researching the emotional problems that could influence girls at school. This led to her book ‘The Human Problem in Schools’ (1938).

At the age of 26, Milner had begun to record her thought streams in a diary in an attempt to discover a ‘central purpose in life’. In 1934, under the pseudonym Joanna Field, Milner published ‘A Life of One's Own’ (1934). This was the first of three books in which she shares the method and discoveries of her diary keeping. The discovery of her unconscious mind through this study was an immense surprise to Milner and it led her eventually to train as a psychoanalyst. In 1943, following analysis with Sylvia Payne, she qualified as an analyst in the British Society.

Also in 1943 she began an analysis of a psychotic patient which would last more than 20 years. Milner produced a uniquely detailed account of this analysis in her book ‘The Hands of the Living God’ (1969). She was also a talented artist and her book ‘On Not Being Able to Paint’ (1950) is an important work on creativity.

She wrote and published many other books and papers during her long career as a psychoanalyst and continued to see patients until her early 90s. She died on 29 May 1998.

Joan Hodgson Verrall was born on 28 Jun 1883 into a family of Cambridge academics and in 1906 married a barrister, Evelyn Riviere, the son of the painter Briton Riviere.

Her interest in psychoanalysis emerged from meetings of the Society for Psychical Research organised by her uncle, A W Verrall, where she encountered the work of Sigmund Freud and read papers by Ernest Jones.

She had already studied the German language in Germany when she was seventeen and her diary shows that she had begun to translate Freud by 1919. In her twenties she suffered from mental and physical ill health and underwent an analysis with Ernest Jones from 1916-1921. She attended early meetings of the British Psychoanalytical Society and at the Hague conference in 1920, she met Freud for the first time and asked to be analysed by him. She translated for the newly-created 'International Journal of Psychoanalysis', becoming its translation editor. In 1921 she joined Freud and his daughter Anna, Ernest Jones and James and Alix Strachey on the Glossary Committee, and worked with them to translate Freud's work, supervising the translation and editing volumes 1, 2 and 4 of the Collected Papers. She became Britain's first lay analyst and was later a key figure in the reception of Melanie Klein's ideas, taking an active role in the Controversial Discussions.

She had one daughter, Diana Briton Riviere. She died on 20 May 1962.

John Rickman was born into a Quaker family in Dorking, Surrey, on 10 Apr 1891. He studied at at the University of Cambridge and then moved to St Thomas' Hospital, where he graduated as a doctor of medicine in 1916.

His pacifism preventing him from enrolling in the army during the First World War, so he instead joined the Friends’ War Victims Relief Unit in Russia where he worked in the villages of Southern Russia. In Russia, Rickman met an American social worker, Lydia Cooper Lewis, whom he in married in 1918. They left Russia as the war ended and return to England via America.

After the war Rickman worked in at Fulbourn Mental Hospital near Cambridge. In Cambridge, he struck up a friendship with the psychologist W H Rivers, upon whose recommendation he decided to travel to Vienna where he began analysis with Freud in 1920. In the same year, following a recommendation by Freud, Rickman was elected Associate Member of the newly formed British Psychoanalytical Society in London. On his return he played a vital role in founding the Institute of Psychoanalysis in 1924 and the London Clinic of Psychoanalysis two years later. He remained very involved with the clinic and began to publish. In 1926, he produced the 'Index Psychoanalyticus', a bibliography of psychoanalytic papers published between 1893 and 1926. He also did editorial work for publications such as the 'British Journal of Medical Psychology' and the 'International Journal of Psychoanalysis'. In 1928, Rickman travelled to Budapest to undergo analysis with Sándor Ferenczi, returning in 1930.

When the Second World War broke out in 1939, Rickman joined Haymeads Hospital near Bishops Stortford as a psychiatrist and later transferred to Wharncliffe Emergency Medical Services where he began to collaborate with W R Bion. In 1942, he joined the Royal Army Medical Corps in order to transfer to work at a special military hospital for psycho-neurotics at Northfield near Birmingham. He also worked for the RAMC's War Office Selection Board.

At the end of the war he renewed his involvement in the Psychoanalytical Society and was elected President from 1947-1950. He died on 1 Jul 1951.

Roger Money-Kyrle was born on 31 Jan 1898. He served in the Royal Flying Corps during the First World War, before attending Cambridge University. He left university for a while to enter into analysis with Ernest Jones. After returning to complete his BA at Cambridge, he moved to Vienna to undertake analysis with Sigmund Freud and complete a PhD. On returning to England, he took another PhD at University College London under the supervision of J C Flugel. After this was completed, he was elected as an Associate Member of the British Psychoanalytical Society, although he did not begin a training analysis until the late 1930s. This analysis, with Melanie Klein, continued while he served in the Air Ministry during the Second World War. After the war, he spent six months in Germany with the Control Commission. He was recommended for membership of the British Psychoanalytical Society in 1945 and entered into psychoanalytic practice.